Indwara ya kolera (cholera) igaragazwa n’ impiswi ituma amazi ashira mu mubiri w’uyirwaye, mu masaha macye akaba arapfuye. Buri mwaka iyo ndwara ihitana abantu babarirwa ku 200 000. Kolera ikaba iterwa no kurya  ibiribwa byanduye cyangwa kunywa amazi yahuye n’agakoko gatera kolera (bacille vibrio cholerae). Ni nayo mpamvu iyo ndwara ikunze kwibasira impunzi cyangwa n’abandi bantu bose bakoresha amazi mabi, cyane cyane amazi mabi ntibagire n’ubwiherero busukuye. Igerageza rikorwa mu gihugu cya Bangladesh nirigera icyo rigeraho, Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku buzima uvuga ko hari abantu benshi bizarinda guhitanwa na kolera bidatinze urwo rukingo rukazahita rukwizwa henshi mu bihugu. Nk’uko iryo shami ry’umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima rikomeza ribivuga, abahabwa urwo rukingo bazakurikiranwa mu gihe cy’imyaka 4, uhereye muri uyu wa 2011, hagenzurwa niba hari ikintu gifatika urwo rukingo rutangwa rufite. Umwe mu bakurikirana uko ibikorwa byo gukingira kolera bigenda  muri icyo gihugu cya Bangladesh, bwana Nasmeen Ahmed avuga ko aricyo gikorwa cya mbere kibaheyo ku isi mu birebana no gukingira Kolera.

Imiterere ya kolera ku isi

Kolera indwara iterwa na bagiteri zifata ku mara bigatera impiswi n’umwuma ku muntu wahuye n’iyo ndwara. Mu mateka y’isi, nk’uko bitangazwa n’Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku buzima, habayeho ibyorezo 7 bikomeye bya Kolera byahitanye abantu benshi cyane. Icya nyuma kivugwa cyahitanye benshi ni icyabereye muri Indonesia ho  ku mugabane w’Aziya, aho  na n’ubu bicyemezwa ko  kolera (cholera) yakomeje kuba akarande mu bihugu byinshi byo muri Aziya. Ibindi byorezo nk’igiherutse kubera mu nkambi muri Haïti ndetse n’ibindi bito bikunze kubaho muri Afurika, ni bimwe bihangakishije Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima (WHO).
Gusa ubushakashatsi buvuga ko iyo ndwara iyo yivujwe kare ikira, kuko 4 % by’abantu bafite ibimenyetso bikomeye byayo aribo ihitana.  Agakoko gatera kolera, iyo umuntu anyoye cyangwa ariye ibiribwa karimo, ako gakoko gahita kajya mu mara. Iyo kageze mu mara (urura runini), hagati y’icyumweru kimwe kugeza kuri bibiri ngo kabyara ibintu bimeze nk’uburozi, bitera umubiri gusohora amatembabuzi, ari nabyo bitera guhitwa. Muri rusange, kolera yandurira mu mazi yahujwe n’imyanda abantu bituma cyangwa se ibiribwa byahuye n’iyo myanda birimo ibiribwa ari bibisi cyangwa ibyatetswe ntibishye neza. Ni ukuvuga ko umuntu ashobora kwandura udukoko dutera kolera, ariko ntagire ibimenyetso agaragaza byayo, bitabujije ko yayanduza hagize ukoresha ibiribwa bihura n’imyanda ye. Nk’uko bisobanurwa, 25% by’abantu bafite udukoko dutera kolera bagaragaza ibimenyetso byayo; ndetse  80% byabo bagira impiswi idakanganye, naho 20% bakagira impiswi ikomeye, ibasaba kwivuza.

Ingaruka mbi za kolera zibasira

Gusa ngo hari abantu bakuru udukoko twa kolera tutagira icyo tubatwara, ahanini baka ari abatuye mu bihugu iyo ndwara ibonekamo cyane, kuko umubiri wabo ugeraho ukishakira ubudahangarwa. Na none, aside iba mu gifu ishobora kwica udukoko dutera kolera, bityo ntidushobore kugira icyo dukora mu mubiri. Kolera ni indwara mbi, kuko uyirwaye atakaza amazi n’imyungu ngugu afite. Nyuma y’iminsi 3 gusa umuntu yanduye utwo dukoko tuyitera, mu isaha imwe takaza igice cya litiro y’amazi uko agiye kumusarane. Ashobora kandi kugira ibindi bimenyetso birimo nko kuruka, kuzana ibinya mu mikaya, gucika intege, amaso arahengera, kumagara uruhu n’ibindi itavuwe, kolera ishobora gutuma amazi ashira mu mubiri, bikagira ingaruka ku mpyiko, umurwayi akaba yagwa muri koma ndetse agapfa. Mu Rwanda iyo ndwara ntiteje ikibazo kuko itahaboneka, gusa Abanyarwanda bakaba bakwiye kutadohoka mu kugira isuku.

Kapiteni Alexis