Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku buzima (WHO) uvuga ko ku isi yose abantu barenga  miliyoni 200 banywa ibiyobyabwenge kandi ngo imibare ikaba yiyongera cyane, ku buryo hatagize igikorwa bashobora kuzikuba kabiri mu gihe gito. Ukomeza uvuga ko  ingaruka z’ibyo biyobyabwenge zibasira umubiri haba inyuma ndetse no mu mutwe. Gufata ibiyobyabwenge ngo byatangiye kera, abantu bakabikora bashaka  kwishimisha no kugabanya ibibazo, bibwira ko ngo kubifata bituma bibagirwa ibibazo iminsi ikicuma, bandi bo bakibwira ko hari imbaraga zidasanzwe bibongerera. Ingaruka mbi zituruka ku biyobyabwenge nazo ngo ntizingana, biterwa n’ubwoko bw’ikiyobyabwenge, gusa byose icyo bihuriyeho n’uko byangiza umubiri, cyane cyane bikibasira mu mutwe.

Ikiyobyabwenge ni iki?

Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku buzima uvuga ko ikiyobyabwenge ari ikiribwa cyangwa ikinyobwa cyose umuntu afata kikangiza imikerereze ye (conscience), ubwugugu (sensation) n’imyitwarire bitewe n’uko umuntu yagikoresheje;  n’inzoga zikaba ziza mu rwego rw’ibiyobyabwenge mu gihe zikoreshejwe nabi, aho umuntu arenza urugero,  ntabe agishoboye kwigenzura ubwe. Muri uru rwego,  ibiyobyabwenge birimo amoko menshi, n’ubwo harimo n’ibitaboneka mu Rwanda, ntibibuza ko u Rwanda  rwahagurukiye kubirwanya uko byaba bimeze kose. Mu biyobyabwenge harimo ibyitwa Kanabisi (cannabis), ababikoresha bakaba bakoresha amababi cyangwa indabyo zabyo, hakaba hari n’ababisya bagakoresha amazi yabyo.  Hari n’ibindi nka heroyine (Heroine), morphine, codéine,  urumugi… habaho kandi za Cocaïne, n’amoko menshi y’inzoga abaturage benga atujuje ubuziranenge,  ibyo bikaba biboneka mu bihugu byose ku isi ndetse hamwe na hamwe ugasanga ubuyobozi ntacyo bubikoraho, abaturage babikora uko bishakiye, bamara kubisinda  bakamarana.

Ingaruka mbi ku buzima

NK’uko twabivuze haruguru, ingaruka mbi  z’ibiyobyabwenge ntizingana bitewe n’ikiyobyabwenge cyakoreshejwe. Urugero nk’ibiyobyabwenge batumura nk’itabi (urumogi, kanabisi…) bica intege, ubifata agahora aseka ubusa ndetse agakunda guhunyiza.  Gukomeza kubinywa ngo  bigeraho  ubifata ntagire ikintu yishoborera gukora, maze  kubahariza no guha agaciro igihe bikagenda biyoyoka (la perception du temps) kwibagirwa (kugira amazinda) bikagenda byiyongera. Ku mubiri inyuma, ufata ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’itabi, arangwa no kumagara mu kanwa (kubura amacandwe),  ugasanga imitsi ye itemberamo amaraso ibyimbye, ntashobore kuguma hamwe ngo agire ikintu akora akirangize neza (manque de concentration),  arangwa no kunanirwa kwiga,  aguhora agendera  bitekerezo by’abandi, kuko mu mutwe we  haba hadakora neza. Hari bamwe ibi biyobyabwenge twavuze haruguru  bitera n’ingaruka mbi yo guhorana ibicyezicyezi mu maso yabo (guhora babona za baringa mu maso yabo kandi abandi ntazo babona). Hari kutibuka ibintu mu mutwe,   kwiyanga no kwiyoberanya mu mico…ibi byose bikiyongeraho n’izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe, kudatekereza neza, kwiyanga, kudatinya n’ibindi. Ku nzoga ho, nk’ikiyobyabwenge zitera  kwibagirwa,kurwara   kanseri yo mu mwijima, mu kanwa cyangwa kanseri yo mu mihogo,…inzoga zikoreshejwe nabi ziteza  indwara z’umutima, kutagira icyo umuntu  yitaho (diminution de la vigilance), kutiyubaha, intonganya, ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina, kwiyahura ndetse no kwica. Hari kandi kurwara  imyanya imwe n’imwe y’ubuhumekero bishobora  no kuviramo unywa  inzoga bikabije kuba   zamuhitana. Ntituvuze impanuka biteza, amakimbirane, ubukene mu muranyango,….

U Rwanda rwahagurukiye kubirwanya

Kuba u Rwanda rwaragukiye kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge ni uko rureba kure,  kuko izi ngaruka mbi twavuze z’ibiyobyabwenge zishobora kwirindwa, mu gihe abantu bafashe ingamba zihamye zo kutabikoresha. By’umwihariko urubyiruko rukwiye kwirinda,  kuko nizo mbaraga z’igihugu. Birashoboka kwirinda ibiyobyabwenge ariko leta yonyine ntiyabigeraho hatabayeho ubufatanye bw’inzego zose. Ababyeyi n’abarezi bakwiye kugira amakenga, bagatahiriza ku mugozi umwe kugira ngo barinde, bakumire kandi barwanye ibiyobyabwenge mu bana.

Gusa ntawakwibagiza ko hari imiti ikomeye ivanywa muri bimwe mu bihingwa abantu bakoresha nk’i biyobyabwenge. Urugero ni nk’urumogi rukorwamo imiti ikomeye ivura abantu ndetse n’amatungo. Hakaba hakwiye uburyo bwiza icyo gihingwa kitacibwa burundu, gusa kigakoreshwa atari nk’ikiyobyabwenge ahubwo nk’umuti kandi bigakorwa n’ababishinzwe, ku buryo bugenwa n’itekeko.

Kapiteni Alexis